Kwanzaa: Dec. 26 - Jan. 1

Founded in 1966 by Dr. Mauland Karenga, Kwanzaa is based on the first harvest celebrations of various African cultures. Its name is derived from the Kiswahili phrase "matunda ya kwanza," or "the first fruit of the harvest."

In addition to reaffirming rootedness in African culture and celebrating the bonds between Black people, Dr. Karenga wished to introduce and reinforce the Nguzo Saba, or Seven Principles: Umoja (unity), Kugichagulia (self-determination), Ujima (collective work and responsibility), Ujamaa (cooperative economics), Nia (purpose), Kuumba (creativity), and Imani (faith). Each day of the holiday celebrates one principle.